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The History of Drug Cartels in Colombia

发布时间:2018-01-12
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Drug Cartels

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The cartels in Columbia, in the 20th century, are so powerful because they had lots of money, the fear they spread, and the people they had on their side. We have seen what damage they can do. We have seen how they affected the past and how they still affect us today. The Columbian Cartels have forever left their mark on history with the terror and epidemic they spread.

The cartels in Columbia were powerful because they had lots of money. The drug trade generates revenue of $400-$500 Billion dollars a year, according to U.S and U.N. estimates .Pablo Escobar was the one in charge of one of the main cartels known as the Medellin cartel and boy was he making a lot of money. When the cartel started shipping cocaine into the U.S. and other countries it became widely used and an epidemic happened. Since cocaine is a highly addictive drug the demand for it was high and the cartel didn’t have to worry about losing customers. Pablo Escobar was an earning more than 3 billion dollars from exporting cocaine into Europe and the U.S., with his money he bought himself a beautiful estates, a zoo, planes, helicopters, luxury cars, a soccer team, and later on his own prison(ESPN 30 for 30-The Two Escobar’s). He had so much money the Forbes Magazine listed him as the richest man in the World. Besides using his money to buy himself some expensive things, he used his money to manipulate the entire country. He could bribe judges, police officers, government officials, etc. There was actually a case where one of the drug traffickers known as the Gallon Brothers killed Andres Escobar, one of the soccer players that were on the Columbia’s national team. They knew the authorities had the evidence to put them away so they paid this guy Carlos Castano, a person who could solve any “problem for the right price, three million dollars which he then used to bribe the prosecutor’s office. When they paid off the prosecutor office they redirect the investigation towards Andres’s body guard who then got thrown in jail while the Gallon brother’s names were cleared and roamed around freely (ESPN 30 for 30-The Two Escobar’s).

The cartels in Columbia are powerful because of the fear they spread. Like any profitable or successful business you’re going to other to have competitors or wannabes. In a legit business you would come out with better products or better prices than you competitor so you would get more customers or clients. In the illegal business like drug trafficking you don’t give better products or better prices to win your customers/clients over your competitors, you just might go over to them and shoot them once or ten times and burn their business to the ground, it’s not personal you just got in the way of my cartel getting more money. So rival cartels would constantly be battling against each other for the profitable drug trade routes and usually a lot of innocent people would die. A lot of violence was happening to show to what happens if you mess with the cartel. Pablo Escobar had a referee of a soccer game killed because he made his team lose. Cartels would be putting setting up car bombs that would kill innocent people to send a message to the police and tell how powerless they were to stop the violence, which they kind of were. The cartels were constantly bribing/threaten the police with you either take the silver or you take the lead. The cartels had inserted so much fear and control of Columbia that the police and Columbian government were desperate to find a way to end the bloodshed that they agreed Pablo Escobar “treaty”. In the “Treaty” Pablo would go to the prison he had built and he would make his own rules. It seemed all right on paper but in reality it was pretty much semi house arrest in a mansion. The Columbian government caught on and decided to break the treaty and arrest him but he had escaped. Violence was still raging and they need to find Escobar so the Columbian government required help from the U.S. The U.S. agreed to help them since the cocaine epidemic was causing a rise in crime. They shifted their drug policy of just intercepting them to taking down the kingpins. The U.S. send, not so secret anymore, the secret army unit delta force and secret surveillance unit Centre spike(Pablo Escobar-King of Coke).These “secret” army units specialized in finding and taking people down and so their next target was Pablo Escobar. Even with the help of the U.S. the Columbian government was having a hard time ending the violence and finding Escobar. Some of the people of Columbia were getting frustrated with Pablo Escobar and the violence that formed a group called Los Pepes. This group used radical methods to bring the violence and Escobar to an end which included killing members of Escobar or anyone having any sort of involution with Escobar cartel, kind of ironic of using violence to end violence (Pablo Escobar-King of Coke). So when people start forming radical groups that are ready to start flipping the bird to the law just to bring you down you know you are a major threat or that it seems people want your reign of terror to be over.

The cartels in Columbia were powerful because of the people they had on their side. Columbia is one of those rural countries where many of the places where slums. So if the cartels were providing things to the lower class that the government or politicians didn’t it not a surprised the lower class assisted the drug cartels. Pablo was one of the children to have grown up in those slums and when he came into power of the cartel, he got lots of money and gave some back to the community. He built soccer fields, hospitals, and schools (ESPN 30 for 30-The Two Escobar’s). He even built an entire neighborhood for one of the slums of Columbia when it burn down and they then named the neighborhood after Pablo Escobar. Pablo really invested into the poor communities and they in turn supported him. When the U.S. declared a war on drugs and decides on extradition of drug lords Pablo knows he needs to get himself into the House of Representatives so it can prolong his extradition (ESPN 30 for 30-The Two Escobar’s). In order to get voted in, he appeals to the lower class and since they are ready loved him he was sure to get a spot. When he did he got four years of diplomatic immunity. Another way the people of Columbia were helping the drug traffickers was through the BMPE (black market peso exchange). If the people wanted to do buy things or do business outside of Columbia dollars was the way to go so most would go to the BMPE. In the BMPE drug traffickers with large amounts of dollars in need of Columbian pesos would find a client with a large supply of pesos who needed dollars. The government also does currency exchange except the people would be losing forty percent to taxes while in the BMPE you would lose less than ten percent (Mazur Pg. 34).

In conclusion the Columbian cartels, in the 20th century, are powerful. They have the money to buy whatever they need to protect their business/enterprise. They have a way to legalize their earning to make it hard to track the drug money. They have the lower class to assist laundered or vote them in office. They have the guts to kill or use violence to get their way. Weather you see them as heroes for the poor or ruthless thugs if you mess with them expect a long battle because they are not going down without a fight.

Book Summary For

Independent Research Paper

Thesis- The cartels in Columbia, in the 20th century, are so powerful because they had lots of money, the fear they spread, and the people they had on their side.

My book “The Infiltrator” supports my thesis because it is written and told about someone who goes undercover in these big drug cartels for a living. He tells of the hardships and why it’s so hard to bring down these big organized drug cartels. In the book the author states this fact “and that figure in turns pales in comparison to the $400-$500 billion in revenue generated from the drug trade each year, according to U.S. and U.N. estimates. A vast sum, and yet the U.S. government can’t track even one percent of that wealth.”(Mazur xiii) He then makes the statement “the dirty bankers in all these places help control multibillion dollar drug trafficking empires, running their organization like public companies.” He actually gets to meet members of the cartels and tells how some of them don’t even look the part of what we would think a typically cartel member looks like which makes people view each other differently.

People might think that person is doing any trouble when in reality that person is probably doing one the worst crime which is selling drugs. He met this one guy who made seventeen trips to San Francisco and didn’t get caught on one of the trips. He and his men had information on where the coast guards were so they knew where to avoid. When coast guard got a tip on a drug shipment they knew that they also knew what was going on and would just wait the coast guard out because they had the resources to do so. He then describes the technology they had like electric grilles hidden under the carpet, command center with steel -plated walls, international toll free lines, and sophisticated radio equipment to communicate with their boats, hidden cameras, and sensors. These guys had the money to surpass the power that the CIA had given them the advantage over the people trying to take them down. The people of South America were also helping the drug organization through the BMPE (Black market peso exchange. In the BMPE drug dealer who had large amount of dollars and were in need of Columbian peso would find clients who had a large supply of Colombian peso and in need of dollars to do the exchange. The people chose the BMPE because if they would have exchanged their money through the government they would lose 40 percent to taxes while in the BMPE you would lose less than 10 percent.

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