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Environmental Analysis of Arroyo Grande
Introduction
Arroyo Grande is a small coastal town located in San Luis Obispo County on California’s Central Coast. Earliest Farmers were the Chumash Indians followed by the Spanish and then European settlers. Arroyo Grande means “big ditch” or more accurately translated, “wide riverbed”. This name was given to the area by the Spanish due to its fertile soil (City Of Arroyo Grande, 2013).
There are 25 different types of soil throughout Arroyo Grande (Pennebaker, 2009). This presentation will be covering 5 of the major soil types used for agriculture in Arroyo Grande.
Map
Current Demographic
Population: 17,543 (as of 2012)
Estimated median household income: $59,991 (as of 2011)
Elevation: 80 Feet
Land Area: 5.67 Square miles
Nearest large cities: Santa Maria, Bakersfield, Los Angeles
(city-data.com, 2013)
Climate
Weather in Arroyo Grande is influenced by the Pacific Ocean
Average warmest month: September
Average coolest month: December
Highest recorded temperature: 108° F (1962)
Lowest recorded temperature:23° F (1963)
Rainy season: December-February
(The Weather Channel, 2013)
Water
Arroyo Grande receives its water predominantly from ground sources such as the Arroyo Grande Aquifer, Santa Maria ground Basin or the Lopez reservoir.
75% of the precipitation that falls on Arroyo Grande occurs from December to March
Farm land in Arroyo Grande is irrigated using well water pulled from the above sources (Department of Water Resources, Southern District, 2002).
Fault
Arroyo Grande does not lie directly over any faults.
In recorded history Arroyo Grande has felt 6 earthquakes all within a 90 mile radius.
History
Arroyo Grande Valley soil is made up of Marine sedimentary and volcanic soil dating back to the Tertiary Period. This is layered over 100 million year old bedrock made up of greywacke, limestone, chert, and shale (County of San Luis Obispo, 2012).
This makes for very fertile soil if irrigated and therefore Arroyo Grande has a long history of Agriculture (County of San Luis Obispo, 2012).
Land Use
Of the 2,500 acres of land that run along the Arroyo Grande Creek 91% is classified as prime agricultural soil (Pennebaker, 2009).
Due to Arroyo Grande Valley’s deep soils, and mild temperatures vegetable and row crops such as lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, celery, and strawberries yielded approximately $24 million dollars in 1994 (Pennebaker, 2009)
Additional crops include:
Avocados
Kiwis
Wine Grapes
Citrus fruits
Alfalfa
Soils Map Arroyo Grande Valley
Occurs at elevations of 200 – 3,300 Feet
Average annual rainfall: 12-30 inches
Somewhat excessively drained
Moderate Permeability
Rapid to very rapid runoff
Used for growing grapes on well drained hillsides
(National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003)
Lopez Soil Series Profile
Moist dark to very dark gray very shaly clay loam; strong fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; approx 15% angular shale fragments >3/4 in, +30% = 2 mm; pH 6.8; gradual irregular boundary
Moist gray to dark grayish brown very shaly clay loam;
strong fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; approx. 40% shale fragments >3/4 in plus about 30% >2 mm; pH 6.6; abrupt irregular boundary.
Hard fractured diatomaceous (Monterey) shale. Strata tilted at about 45 degree angle with few hard outcrops exposed. Rock joints are coated with thin dark brown clay films
Marimel Soil Series
Occurs on flood plains and in valleys; elevation 0-400 feet
Average annual rainfall: 15-20 inches
Somewhat poorly drained
Moderately slow permeability
Very slow to slow runoff
Best for growing Veg, barley, and orchards
(National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003)
Marimel Soil Series Profile
Moist grayish brown to very dark grayish brown sandy clay loam; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; pH 7.5; clear smooth boundary
Moist grayish brown to very dark grayish brown clay loam; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; few thin clay films lining pores; pH 7.5; slightly effervescent with lime disseminated and segregated in filaments; clear smooth boundary.
Moist variegated gray and pale olive to very dark gray silty clay loam; few fine prominent light yellowish brown and strong brown mottles, fine distinct dark yellowish brown moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; few thin clay films lining pores; pH 7.5; strongly effervescent with lime disseminated and segregated in filaments; free water at depth of 36 inches.
Chamise Soils Series
Occurs on hills; elevation 100-1500 feet
Average annual rainfall: 12-20 inches
Well drained
Moderately slow permeability
Medium to rapid runoff
Best for growing small grain and hay
(National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003)
Chamise Soils Series Profile
Moist dark gray to shaly loam, (10YR 3/2); strong fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial; pH 6.0; clear smooth boundary.
Moist dark gray to very dark grayish brown shaly loam; weak medium angular blocky parting to weak fine to medium granular structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine to fine roots; many very fine interstitial and many very fine to medium tubular pores; pH 5.8; clear wavy boundary .
Moist gray to very dark grayish brown (10YR 5/1) shaly loam; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, plastic; common very fine to fine roots; many very fine interstitial and many very fine to medium tubular pores; pH 5.7; clear wavy boundary.
Moist light brownish gray to dark brown shaly clay, dark brown; massive; very hard, firm, sticky, very plastic; common very fine to medium roots; few very fine interstitial and few very fine to fine tubular pores; many thick clay films line tubular and interstitial pores; mineral grains have colloidal staining; pH 5.5; clear wavy boundary.
Moist light brownish gray to dark brown crushed very shaly heavy clay loam; massive; very hard, firm, sticky, plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine interstitial and few very fine and fine tubular pores; many thick clay films line tubular and interstitial pores; colloidal stains on mineral grains; pH 5.3; diffuse smooth boundary.
Moist pale brown to yellowish brown very shaly clay loam; brown rubbed; massive; very hard, firm, sticky, plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine interstitial pores; common thick clay films line interstitial pores; colloidal staining on mineral grains; pH 5.3.
Oceano Soil Series
Occurs on dune like topography; elevation 25-1100 feet
Average annual rainfall: 10-20 inches
Excessively drained
Rapid permeability
Very slow runoff
Best for growing Veg and fruit
(National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003)
Oceano Soil Series Profile
grayish brown to dark grayish brown moist sand; single grained; loose; many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; pH 6.1; clear smooth boundary (National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003).
rayish brown to dark grayish brown moist sand; massive; soft, very friable, common very fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; pH 5.9; gradual smooth boundary.
light brownish gray to brown moist sand; massive; soft, very friable; few very fine roots; many very fine to fine interstitial tubular pores; pH 5.5; gradual smooth boundary(National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003).
light brownish gray to brown moist sand; massive; soft, very friable; few very fine roots, many very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; pH 5.5; gradual smooth boundary.
pale brown to yellowish brown moist sand; massive; soft, very friable; few very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; pH 5.3; gradual smooth boundary.
pale brown to yellowish brown moist sand; massive; soft, very friable; few very fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; several weak 1/8 inch thick lamellae; slightly hard, somewhat branched.
light yellowish brown to yellowish brown moist sand; massive; soft, very friable; plastic; many very fine interstitial pores; weak lamellae 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch thick, discontinuous, slightly wavy, sand grains very thinly coated; slightly more coarse than C3; pH 5.5 (National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003).
Mocho Soil Series
Derived from sandstone and shale rock; elevation 20-3500 feet
Average annual rainfall: 12-30 inches
Well drained
Moderately to moderately slow permeability
Slow or medium runoff
Best for growing Veg and fruit, and grain
(National Cooperative Soil Survey, 2003)
Mocho Soil Series Profile
Grayish brown to very dark grayish brown moist loam; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine to fine roots; common fine to medium interstitial pores; slightly effervescent, carbonates disseminated; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary
Grayish brown to very dark grayish brown moist loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine to very fine roots; common very fine to fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent, carbonates disseminated; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Light brownish gray to dark grayish brown moist loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine to fine roots; many very fine to fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent, carbonates disseminated; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Light brownish gray to dark grayish brown fine, moist sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine to very fine roots; common very fine to fine tubular pores; stratified thin layers of sand and lenses of fine material with brown organic material between the strata; strongly effervescent, carbonates disseminated; moderately alkaline.
Overview
Introduction
Maps
Current Demographics
Climate
Water Source
Geological Faults
History of Soil
Land Use
Sources
California Institute of Technology. (2014). Los Osos Fault Zone. Retrieved from www.data.scec.org/significant/lososos.html
California Soil Resource Lab: UC Davis. (2005, June 1). California Soil Resource Lab. Retrieved from http://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/soilweb/
City Of Arroyo Grande. (2013). Arroyo Grande, California EST.1911. Retrieved from www.arroyogrande.org
city-data.com. (2013). Arroyo Grande, California. Onboard Informatics. Retrieved from http://www.city-data.com/city/Arroyo-Grande-California.html
County Of San Luis Obispo. (2012). Environmental Impact Analysis - Geology and Soils. Retrieved from Slocounty.ca.gov/assets/PL/EIR/2012PL/EIR/2012/Dana+Adobe+Final/Sections/4-5+-+Geology+and+Soils.pdf
Sources
County of San Luis Obispo. (2012). Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures: Agricultural Resources. Retrieved from http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Assets/PL/EIR/2012/Dana+Adobe+Final/Sections/4-5+-+Geology+and+Soils.pdf
Department of Water Resources, Southern District. (2002). Water Resources of the Arroyo Grande, Nipomo Mesa Area. Retrieved from http://www.dpla.water.ca.gov/sd/water_quality/arroyo_grande/chapter_i.pdf
National Cooperative Soil Survey. (2003, Feb). Lopez Series. Retrieved from https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/L/LOPEZ.html
Natural Resources Conservation Service. (2013, December 14). Web Soil Survey: San Luis Obispo County. Retrieved from http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx
Sources
Pennebaker, L. (2009, May). Agricultural Buffer Criteria For the City Of Arroyo Grande. Retrieved from digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1087&context=theses
State of California: Department of Conservation. (2013). Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault zones. Retrieved from www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/rghm/ap/pages/index.aspx
The Weather Channel. (2013). Arroyo Grande Weather Averages. Retrieved from www.weather.com
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