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Programmable Logic Controllers

发布时间:2017-03-01
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Programmable Logic Controllers

Table of Contents

First Question

Answer

OUT Instruction

SET Instruction

Second Question

Answer

Analog to Digital Conversion

Third Question

Answer

ADD

MUL

SUB

DIV

CMP

ZRST

ZCP

Fourth Question

Answer

Data Register Application

M8000 Application

M8002 Application

M8033 Application

M8034 Application

References

First Question

Answer

OUT Instruction

The instruction of OUT means the function of specific device would be on if the provided input is on and vice versa. It is directly related to the decision variable of input. If the input wants the device to be active this instruction makes the device active. Similarly if the device wants to make the device inactive (Frohberger, 2014). This instruction makes the device inactive.

SET Instruction

The instruction of SET to the device makes it insensible for the decision of input variable. Its state is always active or on. When this instruction of SET has been passed into the system, the device has been directed to be on till the time RESET instruction has been passed to it. It does not matter that weather the input is on or off. The system always remains on when the SET instruction has been passed and the system device can be turn off by passing the RESET instruction into it. (Frohberger, 2014)

Second Question

Answer

Analog to Digital Conversion

The continuous signals are termed as analog while the discrete signals are termed as digital signals (Biallas, 2014). The conversion from one form to another form is performed by several system for their ease of use. The conversion process as well as the need of the conversion would be discussed in coming sections.

Need of Conversion

It is necessary to convert from Analog to Digital signal in a microprocessor that would be used in the Programmable Logic controller. When the signal is Analog there would be infinite values in between the two distinctive points (Biallas, 2014). While any processor have a limited storage capacity. If the analog signal is stored in a processor, most of the information in the signal would not be stored in the microprocessor and the data would be noisy. When this Analog signal would be converted into the Digital signal, the microprocessor of the programmable logic controller would be completely able to store all of the information in the discrete signal.

Conversion Principle

The conversion from Analog to Digital signal require sampling. The values of the Analog signal are recorded after a specific interval. The frequency of the sampling should be more then the double of the analog of signal frequency. If this is not followed there would be undetectable noise into the system (Zhang, 2014). The information is then stored in terms of the digital codes that would in return remember the points of interval and can restore the original data of Analog signal.

Resolution of Analog to Digital Convertor

The resolution of an Analog to Digital convertor belongs to the fact that it is the actual step size. More briefly it is the number of quantized or discrete steps by which it can represent the maximum and minimum level or values.

Resolution & Word Length of Processor

The resolution is always related to the Word length of processor. There is a special mathematical relationship that follows the word length as well as the resolution.

The higher number of bits indicates the higher resolution in this case.

Third Question

Answer

ADD

When this instruction would be passed to the Mitsubishi PLC microcontroller the simple addition function would be performed and the output would be the addition of the inputs. It should be noted that the inputs can be two at maximum (Chin, 2014). Mathematically it can be written as following,

MUL

When this instruction would be passed to the Mitsubishi PLC microcontroller the simple multiplication function would be performed and the output would be the multiplication of the inputs. It should be noted that the inputs can be two at maximum. Mathematically it can be written as following,

SUB

When this instruction would be passed to the Mitsubishi PLC microcontroller the simple subtraction function would be performed and the output would be the subtraction of the inputs. It should be noted that the inputs can be two at maximum. Mathematically it can be written as following,

DIV

When this instruction would be passed to the Mitsubishi PLC microcontroller the simple division function would be performed and the output would be the remainder of the inputs. It should be noted that the inputs can be two at maximum. Mathematically it can be written as following,

CMP

When this instruction would be passed to the Mitsubishi PLC microcontroller the simple comparison function would be performed and the output would be the result of that comparison of the inputs. It should be noted that the inputs can be two at maximum. While the results would be in the form of,

  1. Smaller,
  2. Larger,
  3. Equal

It should also be noted that these results are stored into the bit devices only.

ZRST

When this instruction would be passed to the Mitsubishi PLC microcontroller the simple reset function would be performed and the output would be the resettled device. The inputs in this function would be two devices. The main application of this function lies in the fact that this can be only used for,

  1. Restarting of all the function after pause interval
  2. Restarting the control data after pause interval

ZCP

When this instruction would be passed to the Mitsubishi PLC microcontroller the simple comparison function would be performed and the output would be the result of that comparison of the inputs with respect to a comparison value. It should be noted that the inputs can be two at maximum for this function. While the results would be in the form of,

  1. Upper from Compared Value,
  2. Lower from Compared Value,
  3. Equal to Compared Value,

It should also be noted that these results are stored into the bit devices only.

Fourth Question

Answer

Data Register Application

The data registers are always used for the common purpose of saving the common data with conventional means.

Externally Adjustable Register Application

The externally adjustable register are always use for the determination and control of decision variables. The most common decision variables are timers and counters. However there can be other decision variables too depending upon the situation.

M8000 Application

The M8000 relay is used to monitor the operations in the microcontroller. The main function of the monitoring is to perform the timing function. The main association of M8000 is assigned with a timer of watchdog type. The working algorithm for the function lies in the fact that when the program is being run the status of the machine remains on as soon as it stops execution the status of machine would be turned off by this relay automatically.

M8002 Application

The main duty assigned to this relay is to write certain bits of values at the starting pulses. It can be used to test the system that is it ok for the program to start now or the machine is not ready to take the load of program.

M8033 Application

This relay is related to the image processing and signal processing. The values in the form of image or signal is read by this relay. The programmable logic controller makes the function from Run to Stop and this process starts.

M8034 Application

The major application of this relay is to perform the turning off function for all of the outputs that are external to the Programmable Logic Controller. This can also be used as an emergency switch.

References

Frohberger, A., Blei, B., Meyer, C., Staab, H., & Reisinger, T. (2014).U.S. Patent Application 14/148,371.

Chin, K., & Wong, C. L. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,625,261. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Biallas, S., Kowalewski, S., Stattelmann, S., & Schlich, B. (2014, May). Efficient handling of states in abstract interpretation of industrial programmable logic controller code. InDiscrete Event Systems(Vol. 12, pp. 400-405).

Zhang, Z. S., Liu, B. F., Guo, S. Q., Song, D. Y., & Wang, Z. Y. (2014). Application of Programmable Logic Controller in Sewage Treatment.Advanced Materials Research,910, 332-335.

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