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Research into leisure participation

发布时间:2017-04-18
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Part 1 Personal Background

There are total 153 respondents participated in this research. The majority respondents were 70% male and female is occupy 30%. Respondent sex show in below.

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Figure 1

The reasons of female less participate in leisure because woman must childcare and other domestic responsibilities, women were spending more time in paid housework and childcare combined. On the other hand, male were spending more of their time on sport and outdoor activities, hobbies and games. This evidence indicate male have more space time than female. Than, Torkildsen (1992) state that older woman upbringing that did not include pursuits like physical recreation with their compass. Therefore, it prove male have more chance participate leisure activities.

Most of the respondents are in the age group 65 to 70 and 71 to 75, occupy 39% and 31% respectively. The distribution of age group is showing below.

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Figure 2

More people have been terminating their employment career or having their careers terminated for them in 65. Also, more men have been taking voluntary retirement or have been losing their job to gain more time before age 65. Beside, Hong Kong ormal retirement age is 55- 60. They available of time also has an influence on recreational participation and the greatest amount of free time appears to be concentrated at the end of the age continuum with retire. Those arguments explain age 65-70 is most of group participant in leisure. However, According to the statistical analysis of Insurance Company in general, men can live upto an age of 78 and women a bit longer at 84, many elderly pass away around age 78-80. It explain that reason about age 76 or above participant sudden decrease.

About the educational level, the majority respondents were 65% never been to school and 20% were complete primary school. 15% were degree holder or above. The educational level of respondents was showing below

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Figure 3

China Anti Japan War in 1937 to 1945, The War make the people have no chance to study. After the war, China culture revolution let the school close and intellectuals are not being respect in 1966. That’s mean bad national political situation effect people educational level directly.

The majority respondents are retire, occupy 77%. But 23% are still working over 65 years old.

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Figure 4

Elderly still working is they want keep earn some money after retire, some elderly want contribute to society, some elderly want to engage meaningful and protection work after retire. Some elderly continue working is maintain their life.

Most of income level of respondents is HK 5001-7000, occupy 46%. The income level of respondent is showing below.

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Figure 5

Hong Kong have social welfare care about over age 65 elderly, Oriental Daily News states that elderly aged 65 or above who meet the asset eligibility limits can receive HK$ 2200 monthly allowance. Also, children give money back to their parents is China traditional culture. Therefore, the results show the elderly income focus on around HK$ 5001-7000. On the other hand, According to General Household survey, they show that income levels are closely linked to participation rates and for almost all the leisure activities they examined, that’s mean the proportion participating rose with income.

HK$ 5001-7000 is lower income group, Torkildsen (1992) review that lower income group are to be attracted in larger number to community recreation such as walking, fishing or use the park facilities and equipment for free. It conform Leisure habits and recreation favorite investigate (1995) argument.

Part 2 The situation of using leisure facilities

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Figure 6

Figure 6 show that 84% respondents have used leisure facilities in last one months, 16% respondents tell us they don’t have use leisure facilities because they don’t exercise or relate disable.

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As shown on Figure 7, elderly most use facility is park, which is 68% of respondents. The second use facility is fitness center. Elderly prefer park close to their home because convenience for their body inappropriate. They don’t need spend more time to arrive park from their home. Also, elderly more enjoy the natural and comfortable environment at the park.

The second choice is fitness facilities in the park. According to Ad Hoc Committee on Healthy Aging (2001) review that increase physical activity, training, exercise, physical fitness can identified most important lifestyle factor in prevent large number of disease and promoting physical well-being. It is not surprise that fitness facilities are second favourite for elderly. Elderly can improve their muscle strength from fitness facility. Thereby enhance the body health and reduce pain such as arthritis or osteoporosis.

The facilities not attract elderly use is sport ground, swimming pool, basketball and football court which is 0.6%,1.9%,2.8%. Zhang Li Yi (2007) states that old people muscles begin weak, it makes the body become narrow and get osteoporosis, also easy to fall and fracture. Rowe and Kahn(1997) review that during the aging process,

The body function including muscle strength and their response reaction will also be affected by the declination. Those evidence prove elderly lose ability to play high physical activity such as basketball, football and swimming.

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Figure 8

Concern the most reason of using leisure facilities, Figure 8 show that in 153 respondents, 63 people choose improve health be main reason of using leisure facilities, the second popular reason is consume time which is 47 respondents. the third reason is prevent diseases (22 respondents). The first and third choose are relate to health, this survey review that elderly is more concern their health, elderly believe more exercise can strengthen immunity to prevent disease. On the other hand, since many elderly retired already, they have a lot of free time to spend. Therefore, they choose the leisure facilities such as walk in park for kill time.

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Figure 9

This finding is discuss the frequency of using leisure facilities, figure 9 is show that more than 65% respondents is use the facilities more than 3 times per week. Also, 23% respondent states that use the facilities every day. This result describe many elderly have discipline and habit for use the leisure facilities of their life.

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Figure 10

As shown on Figure 10, There have 72% prefer use the leisure facilities at morning, 23% use facilities at afternoon, This finding describe elderly favorite daytime use the recreational facilities. Also, Millen (1997) states that with increase age, sleep will gradually shorter, this is a normal phenomenon. This maybe a reason elderly get up early and prefer spend their leisure time in morning.

Part 3- Views of leisure facilities provide by Hong Kong Government

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Figure 11

As shown on Figure 11, 47.7% respondents consider Government provide enough leisure facilities for elderly to use. But, some elderly tell us they think no other choice of leisure facilities, they think near their home facilities also is exciting activities such as football or basketball. They always tell us high exercise activity not suitable for elderly, so they want to request government focus on their physical need to provide suitable leisure facilities for them.

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Figure 12

Also, for our observation, according to LCSD annual report, LCSD have 1366 parks provide for the public. But, only have 92 parks consider elderly need to provide fitness corner. The percentage was 7%. It prove elderly fitness facilities supply is unable to meet the demand.

However, as shown on figure 12, the survey show what leisure facilities they want government provide to elderly, most of respondents make the first three choices is Turn wrist fitness equipment, Abdomen fitness equipment and jogging trail. The survey show that elderly want get those equipment, they believe fitness equipment can stretch their muscle to avoid joint painful and improve health.

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Figure 13

As shown on figure 13, most of respondent (38.4%) describe that leisure facilities provide not enough guideline. Guideline can teach elderly correctly use the facilities to prevent the accident. But, researcher finds out some little mistake of the guideline. It include guideline without picture and too small word of the guideline.

Researcher observe the facility guideline in Shau Kei Wan Park, the fitness facilities instruction guideline word is very small. According to Chinese University of Hong Kong concerned about the aging population and the eye visually impaired, “Hong Kong elderly generally have eye problem, with age, elderly eye tissue will gradually degraded, affecting vision”. This finding reflect government must enlarge the guideline text to make elderly easy to see the contents. Beside, researcher use the other facility in Wong Tai Shin which was provides guideline without picture. Refer to figure 3 result, many elderly never been to school, they may not understand the guideline contents. Above finding show the government not supervise the contractor well in order focus on elderly need to customize the fitness facilities.

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The majority respondents (59.8%) elderly don’t satisfy government provides auxiliary facilities for elderly. However, some respondent tell researcher they always get hurt and feel danger from use the leisure facilities. They think that government not concern the protection when planning the leisure facilities.

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Figure 15

The researcher Auxiliary facilities also known as barrier free facilities, barrier free facilities not only convenient to disable, also this facilities consider elderly elements already. As shown on Figure 15, Most of respondents said that they want government provide Cushion under the facilities. Although government build enough cushion already, some people said that cushion material quality not soft and easy got hurt when fall down. 31% respondents said that government must build more bench for elderly, they tell researcher they easy tired but not enough bench for recover when many people using facility at the same time. 15% respondents feel that the illumination system very dark in park, they feel very hard to use the facility at night because their eye was degeneration. Therefore, they hope government provide more stronger light system convenient to elderly group.

CHRAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

In this research, it let us know Hong Kong is facing a serious aging problem, people who become older will occur many problem such as physical illness. Leisure facilities can direct encourage elderly participant recreation to improve their health, mentally and psychologically. However, Hong Kong is burden large medical expenses, for example Emergency room waiting for long time. In order to relieve health care expense, Government believes elderly active participate leisure activities could help to decrease medical funding. Because regular exercise can prevent many elderly disease.

Majority of Hong Kong elderly agree Government provide enough leisure facilities to make them feel useful in facilities. Although 18 districts set the fitness corner make elderly feel satisfy. Many elderly believe some fitness facility stale and not safety.

After this research, we know that elderly most favourite is go to park since convenient. This is no doubt government provide enough facility make elderly use facilities to exercise easily. But in facility safety function elderly unsatisfied. In the research many of respondent complain there not enough Auxiliary facilities (barrier free facilities) for them. Also, there many of user said that easy get danger because cushion material quality not soft and not enough light near facility.

5.2 Recommendation

Hong Kong have 18 districts, each district has different degree of aging population. Due to different age group have different recreational needs, government should implement some policy to address the issue, investigate elderly expectation and satisfaction of leisure activities and facilities method is now the general trends which can make activities become more flexible. This method make the leisure provision provide suitable leisure facilities and program fitting for the elderly. Government can hold the consolation meeting or questionnaire on each district to collect the recommendation of elderly regularly. Government amend leisure facilities and activities depend on each district’s citizen suggestion.

About the elderly leisure facilities coverage, researcher fined that there are 1366 parks provide for the public. But, only have 92 parks consider elderly need to provide fitness corner. The percentage was 7%. The fitness corner cannot meet the elderly demand. Government must build more fitness corner in 18 districts, fitness facilities encourage elderly do exercise directly, it benefit for elderly physical health.

For the new auxiliary facilities to assist elderly, base on the research, elderly agree that more leisure facilities guideline is using English vision, many elderly is low educational level, they may not understand the English guideline contents and easy use facilities with wrong method. Government must supervise the contractor add the Chinese version. On the other hand, government can imitate Newzealand case, build up voice and video machine to let the elderly follow the instruction. Elderly using the facility in right way can decrease the risk in doing exercise. Moreover, elderly think the cushion under leisure facilities is not soft, they easy to get hurt when fall down. We recommend government could follow the example with Denmark cushion material 50% is rubber and 50% is sponge, reduce rough and uneven in surface. Those new material prevent tripping, slipping, wrestling. The most important is that it is softer than current cushion. Beside, due to elderly physical weak, they easy feel tired after use the facilities. Government must set three benches near the elderly facility, it ensure elderly take recover in right place. Facilities should regular check and maintain, government should take fast action to maintain the facility when it break down, it can ensure prevent elderly not safe to use the facility.

About add the elderly element of barrier free facilities in park, traditional barrier free facilities are major for disable. Researcher suggests that barrier free facilities can use for elderly because both case is similar. As a result of research, elderly who 65 above is facing muscle degeneration and osteoporosis problem, they will feel difficult to move. If the park have more stair, researcher afraid it reduce elderly desire to use the recreational facilities. Researcher recommends all park should make the stair change to ramp, park roads must be flat and hard road. If have bridge cross to park, the bridge must build the lift in entry and exit. Lighting system must be strength to let elderly sight clearly and reduce accident. If the park has some section is high slope, government must construct other road to shuttle the park. Above method decrease difficult of elderly uses the leisure facilities.

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