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Academic Programmes Overview

发布时间:2018-06-08
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2. Background Study:

"Background study is normally the study and acquiring of information to be able to determine how to solve the issues which exists in the system [1]"

2.1 Programme

Academic programmes can be defined as a series of modules which helps students to acquire necessary know how and skills to be able to be professionals. These academic programmes may have a long duration over about three years or five years depending on the level of the programme. The academic programme may include practical, test and seminars to provide necessary equipments for students to be able to have a forecast of how the industries normally perform their work.

2.2 Types of Academic Programmes

  1. Vocation programmes

The vocation is the simplest type among the different types of academic programs. The vocations can have some basic education and will only allow learners to have the required skills. With the vocation, it is easier to have a degree quicker which means lesser semesters compared to traditional degree.

  1. Bachelor's degree programmes

The Bachelor's degree programme is the medium level among the types of academic programmes. The Bachelor degree programme can take approximately four years to be completed. Some of the bachelor degree programme includes:

  • Science degree programs
  • Business field
  • Education field
  1. Graduate Academic Programmes

The Graduate Academic Programme is the third type among the academic programmes. It normally consists of the PhD and masters Programmes. To be at the PhD level, there is a high level of expertise which is needed to be able to earn this type of degree. Often it is very difficult to achieve since it requires a lot of hard work and high IQ. Furthermore those who have been able to achieve it are normally expert in their respective field.

  1. Academic Scholarship Programmes

Academic scholarship programme is the fourth type of the academic programmes that exist and which are followed by a group of students. This programme normally allows only the students who have the required qualification to follow this type of programme and provide payment facility to allow student to follow this programme.

2.3 Defining Module:

A module is an integration of several information which is used to educate students on a particular field. A module usually has a length of seven character code which holds the information about the module. Let's take CSE 2247 for example, the first three characters CSE in the module means the department which uses this module (in this case a networking module), the fourth character holds information about the year or level which means either it is a first year module or a level one module, and the remaining three characters 247 describes the module in a unique area.

Normally a module can have a duration of fifteen weeks if it is semesterwise else if it can also be yearly module which practically takes around thirty weeks to be able to complete all the necessary requirement to enhance the knowledge of student. Normally the complexity of a module is usually known by its credit weightage. At the end of semester, tests and assignment marks based on a particular module is calculated to determine the capability and level of understanding of a student. The number of credits for each module is different because the module depends on the programme workload. For example, an undergraduate module may only be rated as a three credit module and the other which are more demanding may be rated as a six credit module.

The modules are classified in different type:

  • Core Modules

These are compulsory modules that the students need to pass in his particular

Programme.

  • Elective/Optional

These types of modules allow the students to choose whether to register for it or to drop it.

  • General Education Module

These modules help the student to acquire knowledge about the day to day living, historical activities or skills in a particular field (For Example: Marketing)

  • Self-Study

It’s all about practical working done by the student; there are no formal lectures in these types of modules.

  • Independent Study

It is as an elective module which is alike a project.

  • Audit

These are modules which department specify to students to follow these modules.

2.4 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

Management Information system (MIS) mainly deals with the study of people, technology, organization and the interconnection among them. It provides information that organizations needs in order to organize, evaluate, manage department effectively and efficiently.

2.4.1 Aim of Management Information System

The main aim of MIS professionals is to help firms achieve maximum benefits from investments in personnel, equipment and business processes. The experts of MIS construct information systems to be able to manage data (storing, searching and also analyzing data).Furthermore, they have the ability to handle various information systems to meet the requirements of customers and the employers.

MIS provides tools that help in decision making, data resources such as databases, the hardware resources of a system, decision support systems, people management and project management applications, and any computerized processes that enable the department to run efficiently.

2.4.2 Management Information System Tools

The Management information systems tools are very important for organization to be able to run their business processes smoothly. The tools used are:

  1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

The transaction processing system is the simplest type of Management information system that exists. It helps organization to analyze and capture all details about regular processes which occur in the organization. The types of processes may include such ordering of raw materials, inventories, dealing with customer and sales. By using this mechanism, the organization may observe the trend in the processes. . For example, if an organization observes that there is an increase in the customers' ordering, the organization may conclude that there is more demand during these recent months.[2]

2. Operational Information System (OIS)

Operations Information Systems are tools that are mostly used to plan and schedule the process of assembling and make smoother production. This tool helps the workers to be able to analyze and have a sequential function of production. The OIS helps to decide what resources to use, what to design first and also how the different parts will be assemble to have the final product. The advantage of the OIS is that the production line is always effective and may never have the problem of having limited stock level. [3]

  1. Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Decision support systems are the most precious tool that can be used for making decisions. The decision support system makes efficient use of computing tools, scientific explanations and some sorts of mathematical techniques to be able to make decisions. DSS helps company to analyze, evaluate and make predictions in costs, time, material needed and also the human efforts that is needed. [4]

The table below shows the benefits and issues that the Management Information systems have:

Advantages

Disadvantages

Aid Decision Making.

Highly sensitive requires constant monitoring.

Better Planning and Control

budgeting of MIS extremely difficult.

It leverages IT in computer aided design.

Quality of outputs governed by quality of inputs.

It boosts Production processes.

lack of flexibility to update itself.

it enhances distribution channel management.

effectiveness decreases due to frequent changes in top management

Leverage stability with efficiency

Takes into account only qualitative factors and ignores non-qualitative factors like morale of worker, attitude of worker etc...

Table2 -1: benefits & issues of MIS

2.5 Process of Programme Management Systems

Universities in the world are always under pressure due to the fast innovative technologies, resources and researches. The UOM websites provides users who wish to be part of the university necessary guidelines on particular programmes currently on offer at the university. the guidelines includes details such as:

  • The Aims and Objectives of the programme

The students will have a brief description of how the programme, in which he is interested, will help him to achieve the skills. This section will actually allow the student to discover the main goals of this programme that is what will be the effectiveness of this programme if ever the student wants to follow this particular programme. The aim and objectives of the programme will allow the student to have a better understanding and discover more about the programme.

  • General Entry Requirements

The general entry requirements will have basic requirements needed get the admission to the University Of Mauritius. That is the minimum results grade obtained in the Higher school certificate to be able to have admission to the University of Mauritius.

  • Programme Requirements

The programme requirements will be providing the exact result that is needed to be able to register for this programme. For example, grade 'A' in Mathematics and grade 'A' in physics required to be able to register for this programme.

  • Minimum Requirements for Awards

The minimum requirements for awards normally contain all the information that is required to achieve a degree award or a diploma award.

Figure2 -1: Requirement for Degree/Diploma Award.

  • Programme Duration

The programme duration section will display the number of years that it normally takes to complete the study of this particular programme and also display the maximum years allowed for the completion of this programme. An example can be seen in the table2 -2 below:

Degrees

Normal(Years)

maximum (Years)

3

5

Table2 -2: Normal year and Maximum year for a programme.

  • Credits per Year or sometimes Credits per semester

The credit per year or credit per semester section gives full details about the number of credit that can be taken per year or per semester and the minimum credit that must be taken per year or per semester. The table2 -3 shows information about the credit allocation:

Type:

Minimum

Maximum

Semesterwise

9

24

Yearly

18

48

Table2 -3: Credits per Year/Semester

  • Assessment Information

The Assessment information section provides the students with sufficient information about the marks that are allocated for modules and how the marks are set.

Continuous Assessment

Exams

CSE1041(1)–Web Technologies I

50%

50%

CSE2041(3)–Web Technologies II

50%

50%

CSE2046(3)–Multimedia Application Development

50%

50%

Table2 -4: Assessment and Exams Marks Information

  • List of Modules (Core modules and electives)

This section allows the student to have a preview of all the modules that he will be able to register for and view the list of all electives which he would like to register for. The figures2 -2 below gives a preview of the way the information is presented to the student.

Figure2 -2: List of modules in a programme

  • Programme Plan

The programme plan allows the student to have a brief idea of what modules to expect in each level and the credit allocation for the modules in each level. The Figure2 -3 below shows a quick preview of the programme plan.

Figure2 -3: Programme plan template.

2.6 Evaluation of current system at the University of Mauritius (UOM)

The current process for creating a programme at the University of Mauritius is as follows:

Previously, the University Programmes were created by a panel of highly experienced lecturers based on certain criteria such as the needs of the current job market. To ensure there have not been any plagiarism between modules or syllabus from two different programs, the user had to manually crosscheck all the existing programme plan and allow only a maximum of three modules to be same which was really time consuming and sometimes prone to errors.

2.7 Programme Lifecycle

The programme lifecycle at the University of Mauritius is as follows (Figure2 -4: Programme lifecycle):

Figure2 -4: programme lifecycle

2.7.1 Programme Design:

Programme Design is the first step in the lifecycle of a programme. It is usually carried out by a need to design a new programme. Programmes at the University of Mauritius are designed and developed by academic Departments, where the Programme Board of Studies is the appropriate decision-making body. The Programme Board of Studies is required to liaise with other Departments which may have expertise in the Programme areas.

The main aims of designing a programme are:

  • To have clear statement of the overall aims of the programme, which expresses the broad purposes of the University in providing the programme study (for example, enabling students to develop the capacity to learn and develop their knowledge, skills and understanding).
  • The overall coherence and intellectual integrity of the programme must be considered.
  • The programme should be designed in such a way that it ensures the student’s experience has a logic and integrity clearly linked to the aims and objectives of the programme.

The following diagram (Figure 2- 5) below demonstrates how a programme is in the design stage:

Figure 2 -5: Programme in Design Phase

  • It starts by considering the curriculum content and then the learning objectives and the other coming stages are classified as secondary processes.
  • Learning outcomes are placed at the center of the student’s learning experience, the teaching methods and strategy and assessment strategies to enable students to achieve, demonstrate and express their achievement through those learning outcomes.

2.7.2 Programme Approval

In the approval process, one should consider the following:

  • The design principles of the programme being considered.
  • The definition of standards in connection with the title and level of the award.
  • The available and/or needed resources for the programme.
  • The programme’s demands.
  • Monitoring of the programme.
  • The length of time for which approval is accepted.
  • The programme specification’s contents.

2.7.3 Programme Implementation

Programme implementation is the next targeted phase just after the approval of the programme design. Discussed programme curriculum plans in the programme design process are done in real-life. This is the process where “a new programme”, once implemented, becomes “an existing programme”.

2.7.4 Programme Monitoring

Programme monitoring is, usually, carried out on an annual basis. It is done to measure the effectiveness of the featured programme (in terms of its stated aims and objectives and how success was the student in attaining the stated programme learning outcomes).

Monitoring processes may consist of the following:

  • Reports from external examiners.
  • Reports from external bodies(if any).
  • Feedback of students and staffs.
  • Feedback of employers and former students.
  • Student progress sheets.

2.7.5 Programme Review

Programme review is a periodic analysis of the programme’s aims and objectives. Programme review is an institutional process which involves participants with high qualifications and academics.

However, the review of programmes depends on a number of factors listed below as follows:

  • All the changes made over time through regular monitoring of programme operations.
  • The performance of students.

2.7.6 Programme Re-Design

In this phase, changes in the programme curriculum and possible solutions identified and collected during the monitoring and review phase.

2.7.7 Programme Withdrawal

Programme withdrawal is the result when a programme of study is no longer being offered by the university and this may happen for a number of solid reasons. One of the main reasons behind programme withdrawal is that the review phase, when conducted, stated that the aims and objectives do not provide students with necessary skills.

2.8 Potential Tool and technology for project Implementation:

In terms of potential tools and technology, the oracle Application express is far more appreciated since it is a free hosting of demo applications provided by oracle and using sql, the plagiarism check can be performed on modules and programme to prevent two identical programmes from being created.

In terms of deployment of the programme management system, the Oracle Application Express is scalable which allows the deployment of the Programme management system to laptops and on standalone server.

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